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Sippar (Sumerian: Zimbir) was an ancient Near Eastern city on the east bank of the Euphrates river, located at the site of modern Tell Abu Habbah in Iraq's Babil Governorate, some 60 km north of Babylon and 30 km southwest of Baghdad. The city's ancient name, Sippar, could also refer to its sister city, Sippar-Amnanum (located at the modern site of Tell ed-Der); a more specific designation for the city here referred to as Sippar was Sippar-Yahrurum.〔Gasche, Hermann and Caroline Janssen. 1997. “Sippar.” In ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Ancient Near East'', Vol. 5, edited by Eric M. Meyers, 47-49. Oxford: Oxford University Press.〕 ==History== Despite the fact that thousands of cuneiform clay tablets have been recovered at the site, relatively little is known about the history of Sippar. As was often the case in Mesopotamia, it was part of a pair of cities, separated by a river. Sippar was on the east side of the Euphrates, while its sister city, Sippar-Amnanum (modern Tell ed-Der), was on the west. While pottery finds indicate that the site of Sippar was in use as early as the Uruk period, substantial occupation occurred only in the Early Dynastic period of the 3rd millennium BC, the Old Babylonian period of the 2nd millennium BC, and the Neo-Babylonian time of the 1st millennium BC. Lesser levels of use continued into the time of the Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian Empires. Sippar was the cult site of the sun god (Sumerian Utu, Akkadian Shamash) and the home of his temple E-babbara. The Code of Hammurabi stele was probably erected at Sippar. Shamash was the god of justice, and he is depicted handing authority to the king in the image at the top of the stele.〔"Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon" (), Louvre , retrieved on 29 Nov 2013.〕 A closely related motif occurs on some cylinder seals of the Old Babylonian period.〔Collon,Dominique, ''Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Cylinder Seals III'': nos. 104 & 105, British Museum Publications, 1986, ISBN 0-7141-1120-1〕 By the end of the 19th century BC, Sippar was producing some of the finest Old Babylonian cylinder seals.〔Collon, Dominique, ''First Impressions, Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East'': p.45, British Museum Press, 1987, 2005. ISBN 0-7141-1136-8〕 Sippar has been suggested as the location of the Biblical Sepharvaim in the Old Testament, which alludes to the two parts of the city in its dual form.〔G. R. Driver, Geographical Problems, Eretz Israel, vol. 5, pp. 18-20, 1958〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sippar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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